Astaxanthin may also moderate the activity of polyamines generated by exposure to sunlight. In one double-blind placebo controlled trial, BioAstin astaxanthin significantly supported joint comfort in human volunteers. The results of another human clinical trial suggest that BioAstin astaxanthin supported knee comfort and joint function after strenuous leg exercises. Subjects in a third study using BioAstin astaxanthin reported enhanced wrist nerve comfort. Furthermore, a double blind study conducted in Sweden for the duration of six months revealed physiological benefits for strength and exercise in participants. In one animal study, astaxanthin helped to maintain a healthy bacterial environment in the stomach. In another animal study, astaxanthin supported healthy lipid metabolism. Other studies are in progress to further evaluate its cardiovascular support properties. Enhanced dietary concentrations of astaxanthin have demonstrated the ability to support healthy immunoglobulin activity and immune function. Additional studies suggest astaxanthin s immune and cellular support potential.